While many archaeologists meticulously sift through dirt and bones, a fascinating niche of the field immerses itself in the sensory experiences of ancient societies through experimental archaeology. In his forthcoming book, Dinner with King Tut: How Rogue Archaeologists Are Re-creating the Sights, Sounds, Smells, and Tastes of Lost Civilizations, author Sam Kean navigates this dynamic field, engaging with practitioners who breathe life back into the past through hands-on experimentation.
Kean’s exploration goes beyond theory; he actively participates in various archaeological experiments. From flint knapping—a skill practiced by early humans—to crafting intricate hairstyles reminiscent of ancient Roman women, he embodies the process and rich tapestry of human history. His curiosity isn't just academic; it’s personal and vivid as he engages in recreating King Tut’s diet by baking a sourdough loaf similar to those enjoyed in ancient Egypt.
In a conversation with Live Science, Kean illuminates the allure of experimental archaeology. "I’ve always been drawn to the big questions about humanity," he reflects, combining his passion for archaeology with a preference for the tactile, engaging experiences that this approach offers. "It’s lively and sensory-rich, allowing us to smell the past in a more direct way." This excitement contrasts the drudgery he sometimes associates with traditional archaeological methods, which can often feel tedious.
The Research Journey
Kean’s meticulous research process involved not only extensive reading but also immersive experiences. Each chapter in his book captures a different culture and era, presenting a day in the life of ancient peoples. Engaging with experts and participating in experiments himself—like brain-tanning leather or sailing on replica ancient ships—he fully embraces the lived experiences that shaped these civilizations.
A highlight of his research involved creating a medieval trebuchet in Utah, where he and an archaeologist launched heavy stones at a makeshift fort. The thrill of witnessing the ancient machines in action stayed with Kean, illustrating the hands-on learning that marks successful experimental archaeology.
Diving into Mummification
One of the most controversial yet fascinating topics Kean addresses in his book is the application of ancient Egyptian mummification techniques on modern bodies. He delves into pioneering work done by Egyptologist Bob Brier and Ronn Wade, the former head of Maryland’s anatomy board, who conducted a modern mummification process on a human cadaver—a 76-year-old man. This procedure aimed for authenticity, utilizing tools and materials as closely aligned with ancient practices as possible.
The project spurred debate about ethical boundaries in scientific exploration. Critics equated the procedure to horror, while some proclaimed its scientific value questionable. Yet Kean argues for the importance of such experiments, noting unexpected discoveries, like the discovery that obsidian blades were more effective than copper tools for making incisions, highlighting significant insights into ancient practices that literature alone could not reveal.
Moreover, the team observed changes in the body that shed light on the results of the mummification process versus those of environmental factors. The retraction of the teeth and the appearance of the mummified remains, they found, began shortly after the process started, challenging assumptions about how mummies acquire their iconic features over millennia.
Experimental Lessons
Kean also engaged in mummification himself, albeit on a smaller scale, by attempting to preserve a fish using traditional methods involving natron, a natural salt compound. This experimentation displayed the simplicity and effectiveness of ancient techniques, leaving him with a preserved keepsake rather than a dish for dinner.
Throughout his work, Kean incorporates creative narratives, envisioning the lives of ancient peoples through vividly told stories. This structure, dubbed a form of "time travel," enables a deeper connection to the past, allowing readers to engage with history on a sensory level—an approach he feels is often overlooked.
Looking Ahead
Kean’s insights into experimental archaeology signal a growing acceptance within the broader archaeological community. As methods evolve, even traditional archaeologists are integrating experimental practices in their own work. He expresses enthusiasm for the possibility of revisiting this subject in future projects, potentially exploring other cultures and techniques that merit attention.
He encourages readers to engage with the past through various practical experiments, from culinary recreations to crafting ancient artifacts. This approach can electrify interest in history and foster a deeper appreciation for how our ancestors lived and thrived. For those eager to explore further, Kean's next book, The Museum of Lost Things, will delve into lost treasures and historical myths, reaffirming the relevance of archaeology in understanding our world today.
Editor's note: This interview has been edited for clarity.
